FREE ESSAY ON ANALYSIS OF ALBERT BIERDSTAT'S AMONG THE SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS IN CALIFORNIA

ANALYSIS OF ALBERT BIERDSTAT'S AMONG THE SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS IN CALIFORNIA

Albert Bierstadt's Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California is a scenic canvas oil
painting on display at the National Museum of American Art in Washington, DC. Created in
1868, this enormous painting is approximately six by ten feet in size (Honour and
Fleming, 2000). The subject matter of this piece is typical of Bierstadt, who is known
for his detailed landscapes, especially those of the Rockies and Sierras of the American
West. Collectively, Albert's works are manipulated and slightly idealized scenes based on
actual places he visited.
Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902) was born in Germany and at the age of two, he moved with his
parents to Massachusetts. In his early twenties, he studied art in Dusseldorf, Germany.
He traveled between the U.S. and Europe throughout his life and painted mostly for
private collectors. Between 1859 and 1889, he traveled through the West on six different
occasions where he drew inspiration for many of his paintings (Encarta, 2000). During his
visits, Albert drew numerous sketches, which later became the basis for his works.
Bierstadt's brother, who was a photographer, accompanied him on several of his travels
across the U.S. and upon seeing the landscapes from the photographs; Albert was driven to
paint these spectacular scenes from nature for people in the East. Bierstadt's paintings
combine both European and American influences. Although the subject matter in 19th
century Europe consisted of mainly historical anecdotes with a movement towards Realism,
Bierstadt painted conventional American subject matter of landscapes and still life with
German style. Because of Albert's broad background, his depiction of mountains often
takes on an Alpine flavor (Encarta, 2000). Bierstadt was one of the premier American
landscape painters of the 1800's and was well known in both the U.S. and Europe. 
Although Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains is a reflection of the American West, it was
painted far from the U.S. This particular painting was created in Rome and displayed in
Berlin, London and Paris (Honour and Fleming, 2000). It depicts a photographic-like scene
of a lake beneath the rocky cliffs of mountains. Breaking through the dark clouds after a
summer storm, sunlight reflects off of a glassy lake with mirrored images of the
mountains above. The trees on the right and the cliffs on the left create a "v" in the
center of the painting, which draws the viewer's eye towards the lower center. At this
point, a small waterfall comes down the center of the mountain and empties into the lake.
Distant snowcapped peaks are present in the center right part of scene, where clouds
consume parts of the mountains. The cliffs on the right appear smooth in comparison to
the rough woods edge and larger mountains on the left. These two elements seem to balance
each other, and a diamond of light is created in the center. Darker clouds cover the top
left and right hand corners adding to this effect. The middle ground is somewhat dark and
spotlights of sun dramatize the spectacular scenery. The foreground containing short
grasses and the lake is smooth and as the eye moves upward the scenery gets progressively
rougher. 
Bierstadt shows his German background in the style of this painting. Carefully placed
highlights of sun streaming from the top and dark shadows provide dramatic lighting often
present in European painting of the same time period (Honour and Fleming, 2000). With oil
painting, many layers of different oil colors are layered on top of each other and brush
strokes are often visible. In this piece, brush strokes are barely visible and the
surface is smooth in texture suggesting the photographic realism of a camera. A looser,
perhaps more American style, was used in painting the clouds. Swirling clouds at the top
of the scene gives the picture a sense of airiness and an almost mystical god-like
quality. The rest of the landscape is meticulously detailed. It appears to be an
idealized picture of nature, but imperfections are shown in the crooked shapes of the
tree trunks and the fallen tree in the lower right hand corner. This painting also has
warmness to it, which is evident in the yellow hues of the sky backdrop and the small
waterfowl and deer by the lake's edge. In its entirety, this painting is a realistic yet
semi-idealized view of nature.
The perspective is designed to draw the viewer into the painting. Seemingly the viewer is
looking from a vantage point that is higher than the foreground as though one is looking
down towards the lake and up into the mountains. This suggests that the landscape was
manipulated to create a balanced and unique view that may not be physically possible. 
Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California depicts nature's beauty in a peaceful
quiet solitude way as to entice the viewer to experience the wilderness first hand. When
this was painted in the19th century, America began to make small efforts to preserve and
conserve the wilderness. Writers like George Perkins Marsh, who published Man and Nature
in 1864, warned of the destruction and waste of America's resources (Encarta, 2000).
After growing concern, national forests, parks and wildlife reserves were established
primarily by Theodore Roosevelt. The frontier was seen as a place for continuous
generation of democracy, social progress, economic growth, and national growth. The
wilderness was seen as a source of wealth and strength drawing people to explore and
experience nature. Through paintings like Bierstadt's, the viewer could have this
experience without having to travel a great distance. 
Intended for private display, now Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California is on
public display as it portrays an important part of our American history. Not only is this
painting pleasing to the eye with its detailed majestic mountains, it gives the viewer an
idealized view of nature's grandeur. 
References
"Bierstadt, Albert." Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000. 
http://encarta.msn.com (21 Nov. 2000)
Honour and Fleming. The Visual Arts: A History. Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2000.