FREE ESSAY ON HEART OF DARKNESS

HEART OF DARKNESS

The Horror! 
In Heart of Darkness it is the white invaders for instance, who are, almost without
exception, embodiments of blindness, selfishness, and cruelty; and even in the cognitive
domain, where such positive phrases as to enlighten, for instance, are conventionally
opposed to negative ones such as to be in the dark, the traditional expectations are
reversed. In Kurtz's painting, as we have seen, the effect of the torch light on the face
was sinister (Watt 332). Ian Watt, author of Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of
Darkness, discusses about the destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans. The
destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans led to the cry of Kurtz's last words, The
horror! The horror! The horror in Heart of Darkness has been critiqued to represent
different aspects of situations in the book. However, Kurtz's last words The horror! The
horror! refer, to me, to magnify only three major aspects. The horror magnifies Kurtz not
being able to restrain himself, the colonizers' greed, and Europe's darkness. Kurtz comes
to the Congo with noble intentions. He thought that each ivory station should stand like
a beacon light, offering a better way of life to the natives. He was considered to be a
universal genius: he was an orator, writer, poet, musician, artist, politician, ivory
producer, and chief agent of the ivory company's Inner Station. yet, he was also a hollow
man, a man without basic integrity or any sense of social responsibility. Kurtz issues
the feeble cry, 'The horror! The horror!' and the man of vision, of poetry, the 'emissary
of pity, and science, and progress' is gone. The jungle closes' round (Labrasca 290).
Kurtz being cut off from civilization reveals his dark side. Once he entered within his
heart of darkness he was shielded from the light. Kurtz turned into a thief, murderer,
raider, persecutor, and to climax all of his other shady practices, he allows himself to
be worshipped as a god. E. N. Dorall, author of Conrad and Coppola: Different Centres of
Darkness, explains Kurtz's loss of his identity.
Daring to face the consequences of his nature, he loses his identity; unable to be
totally beast and never able to be fully human, he alternates between trying to return to
the jungle and recalling in grotesque terms his former idealism. Kurtz discovered, A
voice! A voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the
magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart.... But both the diabolic
love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it had penetrated fought for the possession
of that soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying, fame, of sham distinction,
of all the appearances of success and power. Inevitably Kurtz collapses, his last words
epitomizing his experience, The horror! The horror! (Dorall 306). The horror to Kurtz is
about self realization; about the mistakes he committed while in Africa. The colonizers'
cruelty towards the natives and their lust for ivory also is spotlighted in Kurtz's
horror. The white men who came to the Congo professing to bring progress and light to
darkest Africa have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social
orders. The supposed purpose of the colonizers' traveling into Africa was to civilize the
natives. Instead the Europeans took the natives' land away from them by force. They
burned their towns, stole their property, and enslaved them. Enveloping the horror of
Kurtz is the Congo Free State of Leopold II, totally corrupt though to all appearances
established to last for a long time (Dorall 309). The conditions described in Heart of
Darkness reflect the horror of Kurtz's words: the chain gangs, the grove of death, the
payment in brass rods, the cannibalism and the human skulls on the fence posts. Africans
bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen
hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off. Chained slaves were forced to drink
the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were
lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge, wounded prisoners were eaten by
maggots till they died and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal
tribes (Meyers 100). The colonizers enslaved the natives to do their biding; the cruelty
practiced on the black workers were of the white man's mad and greedy rush for ivory. The
unredeemable horror in the tale is the duplicity, cruelty, and venality of Europeans
officialdom (Levenson 401). Civilization is only preserved by maintaining illusions.
Juliet Mclauchlan, author of The Value and Significance of Heart of Darkness, stated that
every colonizer in Africa is to blame for the horror which took place within. 
Kurtz's moral judgment applies supremely to his own soul, but his final insight is all
encompassing; looking upon humanity in full awareness of his own degradation, he projects
his debasement, failure, and hatred universally. Realizing that any human soul may be
fascinated, held irresistible, by what it rightly hates, his stare is wide enough to
embrace the whole universe, wide and immense.... embracing, condemning, loathing all the
universe (Mclauchlan 384). The darkness of Africa collides with the evils of Europe upon
Kurtz's last words. Kurtz realized that all he had been taught to believe in, to operate
from, was a mass of horror and greed standardized by the colonizers. As you recall in
Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Kurtz painted a painting releasing his knowledge of the
horror and what is to come. A painting of a blindfolded woman carrying a lighted torch
was discussed in the book. The background was dark, and the effect of the torch light on
her face was sinister. The oil painting suggests the blind and stupid ivory company,
fraudulently letting people believe that besides the ivory they were taking out of the
jungle, they were, at the same time, bringing light and progress to the jungle. Kurtz,
stripped away of his culture by the greed of other Europeans, stands both literally and
figuratively naked. He has lost all restraint in himself and has lived off the land like
an animal. He has been exposed to desire, yet cannot comprehend it. His horror tells us
his mistakes and that of Europe's. His mistakes of greed for ivory, his mistakes of lust
for a mistress and his mistakes of assault on other villages, were all established when
he was cut off from civilization. When Conrad wrote what Kurtz's last words were to be,
he did not exaggerate or invent the horrors that provided the political and humanitarian
basis for his attack on colonialism. Conrad's Kurtz mouths his last words, The horror!
The horror! as a message to himself and, through Marlow, to the world. However, he did
not really explain the meaning of his words to Marlow before his exit. Through Marlow's
summary and moral reactions, we come to realize the possibilities of the meaning rather
than a definite meaning. The message means more to Marlow and the readers than it does to
Kurtz, says William M. Hagen, in Heart of Darkness and the Process of Apocalypse Now. The
horror to Kurtz became the nightmare between Europe and Africa. To Marlow, Kurtz's last
words came through what he saw and experienced along the way into the Inner Station. To
me, Kurtz's horror shadows every human, who has some form of darkness deep within their
heart, waiting to be unleashed. The horror that has been perpetrated, the horror that
descends as judgment, either in this pitiless and empty death or in whatever domination
there could be to come (Stewart 366). Once the horror was unleashed, there was no way of
again restraining it.