FREE ESSAY ON THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

Reformers such as Zapata, Carranza, and Madero contrived laws or revisions to the
constitution that would reform Mexico socially and economically. Reformers often fought
to have these revisions enforced, but more often rallied the support of revolutionaries
in order to carry out the revolts. Revolutionaries such as Pancho Villa also sought
social and economic reform for Mexico, but they did not devise any plans or ideas; they
instigated revolts in order for the reforms of others to be enforced. The Mexican
Revolution of the early 20th century was not one, but two revolutions, the first against
Diaz and the second against Huerta.
Zapata and Madero were revolutionary reformers whom were against the dictatorship of
Diaz. They each had plans for agrarian and economic reform such as the Plan de Luis
Potosi, which declared the election of 1910 null and void and called for agrarian reform,
and the Plan de Ayala, which called for the land to be redistributed among the peasant
and Indians. "Madero criticized Diaz's social policies-his genocidal Indian wars and
violent repression of strikes...he proposed a policy of modest concessions to peasants
and workers[.]"(Keen, p.270) "Diaz's regime was marked my brutal tyranny. Under Diaz,
foreign investors drained a great part of the country's wealth, much of the ancient
communal lands (ejidos) of the Native Americans was concentrated in the hands of a
relatively small number of landowners, and poverty and illiteracy were widespread. Diaz
suppressed Manifestations of the resulting social discontent with an iron hand until the
Mexican Revolution of 1910." Madero, Zapata, and the revolutionist Pancho Villa, among
others, led a revolt against Diaz, which forced him to resign the presidency on May 25,
1911. This concludes the first part of the revolution.
The second part of the Mexican Revolution begins shortly after the assassination of
Madero by Huerta. "Huerta's seizure of power, which was greeted by rejoicing by the
landed aristocracy, the big capitalists, and the church, was an effort to set the Mexican
clock back, to restore the Diaz system of personal dictatorship."(Keen, p.274) The
Mexican Revolution, which was still growing strong, rose higher in reaction to Huerta's
terrorist regime. Among those in opposition were Zapata, Carranza, and Villa. Zapata
intensified his struggle against wealthy landowners, Huerta's allies, and federal troops.
Carranza devised the Plan de Guadalupe, which called for the overthrow of the dictator
and the restoration of constitutional government. Villa led the Constitutionalists
against Huerta and captured Cuidad Juarez and Chihuahua City. Realizing that defeat was
imminent, Huerta fled to Europe on July 15, 1914. After Huerta's defeat, Carranza assumed
the presidency and "projected far-reaching programs of social and agrarian reform and
adopted a new constitution that mandated the projected reforms." Thus ended the second
and final part of the Mexican Revolution.
The Mexican Revolution was comprised of two parts. Both reformers and revolutionaries led
the two parts; one part was not led solely by reformers and the other solely by
revolutionaries. Both the reformers and revolutionaries fought together under an equal
goal; the social and economical reformation of Mexico.
Bibliography
Keen, Benjamin. A History of Latin America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996
"Zapata, Emiliano." Encarta Encyclopedia. http://encarta.msn.com (November 13, 2000)
"Diaz, Porfirio." Encarta Enclycopedia. http://encarta.msn.com (November 13, 2000)
"Huerta, Victoriano." Encarta Encyclopedia. http://encarta.msn.com (November 13, 2000)