FREE ESSAY ON THE UNITED STATES RELATIONSHIP WITH CHINA, KOSOVO, AND CUBA

THE UNITED STATES RELATIONSHIP WITH CHINA, KOSOVO, AND CUBA

The United States Relationship with China, Kosovo, and Cuba
The United States once has very series military, or strategic, relations with China. This
brought on the Moscow Conference in October of 1943 (which also included two other
nations; United Kingdom & the Soviet Union) 
United in their determination, in accordance with the declaration by the United Nations
of January, 1942, and subsequent declarations, to continue hostilities against those Axis
powers with which they respectively are at war until such powers have laid down their
arms on the basis of unconditional surrender; Conscious of their responsibility to secure
the liberation of themselves and the peoples allied with them from the menace of
aggression; Recognizing the necessity of insuring a rapid and orderly transition from war
to peace and of establishing and maintaining international peace and security with the
least diversion of the world's human and economic resources for armaments; Jointly
declare that their united action, pledged for the prosecution of the war against their
respective enemies, will be continued for the organization and maintenance of peace and
security. Also, that those of them at war with a common enemy will act together in all
matters relating to the surrender and disarmament of that enemy. Third, they will take
all measures deemed by them to be necessary to provide against any violation of the terms
imposed upon the enemy. Another, that they recognize the necessity of establishing at the
earliest practicable date a general international organization, based on the principle of
the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such
states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security. That
for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security pending the
re-establishment of law and order and the inauguration of a system of general security
they will consult with one another and as occasion requires with other members of the
United Nations, with a view to joint action on behalf of the community of nations. That
after the termination of hostilities they will not employ their military forces within
the territories of other states except for the purposes envisaged in this declaration and
after joint consultation. And last, that they will confer and cooperate with one another
and with other members of the United Nations to bring about a practicable general
agreement with respect to the regulation of armaments in the post-war period.
China (currently)
On October 10, 2000 President Clinton's Signing of Legislation Establishing Permanent
Normal Trade Relations for China Marks an Historic Moment in U.S.-China RelationsThe
United States interest in China is both on an economic and social level. However, the
economic level is much higher. China's accession to the WTO will encourage Chinese
leaders to move in the direction of meeting the demands of the Chinese people for
openness, accountability, and reform. The agreement negotiated last December with China
is expected to have three certain results. This can deepen Market Reforms. Also, it
obligates China to deepen its market reforms, empowering leaders who want their country
to move further and faster toward economic freedom. This agreement will expose China to
global competition and thereby bring China under even more pressure to privatize its
state-owned industries and expand the role of the market in the Chinese economy. Chinese
as well as foreign businessmen will gain the right to import and export on their own, and
to sell their products without going through government middlemen. This move also
accelerates removal of government from lives of China's people. Accelerates a process
that is removing the government from vast areas of China's economic life. China's people
will have greater scope to live their lives as they see fit. In opening China's
telecommunications market, including to Internet and satellite services, the agreement
will over time expose the Chinese people to information, ideas and debate from around the
world. As China's people become more mobile, prosperous, and aware of alternative ways of
life, they will seek greater say in the decisions that affect their lives. 
China's entry into the WTO will dramatically cut import barriers currently imposed on
American products and services. This agreement locks in and expands our access to a
market of over one billion people. China's economy is already among the world's largest
and over the past 20 years has expanded at a phenomenal annual rate of nearly 10 percent.
During this period, U.S. exports to China have grown from negligible levels to over $14
billion each year. For agriculture alone, USDA estimates that China's WTO accession would
result in $2 billion annually in additional U.S. agricultural exports by 2005. China made
significant, one-way market-opening concessions across virtually every economic sector,
including increasing access to its markets for agriculture, services, technology,
telecommunications, and manufactured goods. China also agreed to eliminate 'unseen'
barriers, such as exclusive rights to import and distribute goods. Agriculture tariffs
will be cut by more than half on priority products. Industrial tariffs will be slashed.
Right to import and distribute in China will be established. New markets for U.S.
information technology will be developed. Broad new access for American services is
created, such as like telecom/insurance/banking. Overall, allowing the United States
greater profit and access to their trade.
Kosovo (Yugoslavia, Bosnia, ect.)
(Currently)
The relation with Kosovo is on the Social level, as the US attempts to try and improve
their social conditions. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the
foreign assistance and humanitarian relief agency of the federal government, are now
working closely with numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to provide relief in
the Kosovo region. On March 24, 1999, the United States and its NATO allies launched air
attacks against Yugoslav military targets after repeated attempts to reach a diplomatic
solution failed. Finally, on June 9, an agreement between NATO and Yugoslavia was
reached, and NATO halted its bombing campaign the following day. 
As the Yugoslav troops began to pull out of Kosovo, the U.S. Agency for International
Development began implementing plans to facilitate the return of the nearly 750,000
Albanian Kosovars who have been living in refugee camps in Montenegro, Albania and
Macedonia. The immediate issues for Kosovo include winterization of shelters and food
assistance. Even though it is just the beginning of summer, Kosovo has lost a great deal
of the planting season, and landmines will need to be removed before fields can be
cultivated again. Until then, it is expected that winter shelters and food will be needed
for about a million and a half people. 
Cuba 
(Past) 
The Spanish-American War triggered revolutionary ideals in Cuba. This war left Cuba free
of Spanish colonization. The Cuban people thought that once the Spanish left, they would
be free. Instead, the United States simply took Spain's place. The U.S. occupied the
island with military force, and wanted to play a part in the formation of the new Cuban
government. The U.S. pressured Cuba to write a constitution that gave the U.S some
control over the internal affairs of Cuba. 
In 1903, The Platt Amendment was created. It consisted of articles containing guidelines
Cuba must follow, before becoming independent, on all levels, Military/Strategic,
Economic, Social/Human Rights, and Political. 
Article One states that the government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other
compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the
independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers
to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes, or otherwise, lodgment in or
control over any portion of said island. Article Two: The Government of Cuba shall not
assume or contract any public debt to pay the interest upon which, and to make reasonable
sinking-fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which, the ordinary revenues of the
Island of Cuba, after defraying the current expenses of the Government, shall be
inadequate. Article Three continues with, the Government of Cuba consents that the United
States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence,
the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and
individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by
the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the
Government of Cuba. Article Five: The Government of Cuba will execute, and, as far as
necessary, extend the plans already devised, or other plans to be mutually agreed upon,
for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic
and infectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assuring protection to the people and
commerce of Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the Southern ports of the United States
and the people residing therein. Last, Article Seven - To enable the United States to
maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its
own defense, the Government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands
necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified points, to be agreed upon
with the President of the United States.
The Platt amendment, however, required more responsibility then the U.S. had anticipated.
In 1905, there was an armed rebellion against the presidency of Estrada Palma. He backed
out of office, forcing the United States to install a provisional government (i.e. a
military rule backed by U.S. troops to keep order). This lasted for two years under the
command of Charles Magoon, until new elections were held in 1909. America continued to
intervene, within provisions of the amendment, until it was terminated in 1934. Cuba 
(currently)
Today the United States hold very important economic relations and interests in Cuba.
Being that a lot of our industries have expanded and now take advantage of their low cost
production, the relationship is very serious to the economy. The U.S.-Cuba Trade and
Economic Council first placed into the public domain an opinion by the OFAC, which
authorized entities subject to United States law to have indirect non-controlling
investments in the Republic of Cuba. On 4 March 1994 the OFAC issued the opinion to Mr.
John S. Kavulich II, who subsequently became the president (non-compensated) of the
U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council. The opinion stated that a United States business or
individual subject to United States law may make a secondary market investment in a
third-country business which has commercial dealings within the Republic of Cuba provided
that the investment does not result in control-in-fact of the third-country business by
the United States investor and the third-country company does not derive a majority of
its revenues from business activity within the Republic of Cuba. Secondary market
investment that falls short of a controlling interest in such a business is not
prohibited.