FREE ESSAY ON TRADITIONS IN AMERICAN CULTURE

TRADITIONS IN AMERICAN CULTURE

Many traditions had developed within American culture that breached this wall of
separation. For example, our coins have In God We Trust printed into them, The Pledge of
Allegiance still contains the phrase under God, and many of our governmental ceremonies
have prayer as their opening activity. For years, many public school districts mandated
that the school day begin with some sort of prayer. The first case to come to the Supreme
Court regarding school prayer was that of Engel v. Vitale in 1961. A group of ten parents
sued the Board of Education of Union Free School District No. 9 in Hyde Park, New York
for having the following prayer said aloud in the presence of a teacher every day:
Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence on Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us,
our parents, our teachers, and our Country.
The prayer was composed by the New York State Board of Regents, which is a state agency,
and which had broad supervisory powers over the state's public schools. The prayer was
part of the Regents' Statement on Moral and Spiritual Training In The Schools.
A class action was brought by a set of ten parents who felt the prayer was contrary to
the religious practices of both the parents and the students, and they maintained that
the state's use of this prayer violated that part of the Federal Constitution that states
Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion. This clause was made
applicable to state law by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
The lower courts that heard the case upheld the power of New York to allow the prayer to
be said each day as long as no student was forced to participate or if the student was
compelled to do so over the parents' objection.
Bibliography
Selected Historic Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court -
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/historic.htm
Read about how school prayer played a role in the 1996 election at Education Week On The
Web: http://www.edweek.org/context/election/prayer.htm